Rekry
29.11.2024
REKRY: Controller
Lue lisää
– Liian alhaisen pH:n maasta ei ole edellytyksiä tuottaa hyvää satotasoa. Luomussa kalkitustarve on vähäisempi, mutta sopiva pellon pH on silti olennainen, jotta varmistetaan kasvien ravinteiden saanti pellosta, tiivistää kysymykseen vastauksen Sampo Järnefelt Soilfoodilta.
Peltomaiden happamuus vaikuttaa ravinteiden liukoisuuteen maassa ja tätä kautta siihen, miten kasvit ottavat maasta ravinteita. Esimerkiksi fosfori sitoutuu happamaan maahan ja on huonosti kasvien saatavilla. pH:n noustessa fosforin liukoisuus lisääntyy tiettyyn rajaan saakka.
Eurofinsin tilastojen mukaan suomalaisten peltojen happamuus on keskimäärin noin 6 eli viljavuusluokassa tyydyttävä niin savi- kuin kivennäismailla. Happamuutta lisää mm. maan muokkaus, lannoitus ja ravinteiden huuhtoutuminen. Sadon mukana pellolta poistuu reilusti kalsiumia ja magnesiumia.
– Ravinteita, joita kasvi kasvaakseen tarvitsee, tunnistetaan ainakin 16, jopa 32. Kalkitus vaikuttaa kaikkien ravinteiden saantiin vähän eri tavalla. Suositeltu ja tavoitteellinen pH-taso ei ole kaikkien ravinteiden kanssa optimaalisin. Tärkeää on maksimoida hyödyt ja minimoida haitat, Järnefelt sanoo.
Hän nostaa esimerkiksi mangaanin, joka herkästi nousee esille happamuudesta puhuttaessa.
– Mangaanimäärään vaikuttaminen maaperän kautta on hankalaa, sillä siihen vaikuttavat mekanismit ovat monimutkaisia. Kasvien kyky hyödyntää maaperän mangaania heikkenee nopeasti pH:n noustessa, varsinkin yli pH 6,5. Muutenkin mangaani liikkuu huonosti niin maassa kuin kasvissa. Toisaalta sitä on lehtilannoitteena varsin helppo antaa.
Maaperässä kaikki vaikuttaa kaikkeen. Biologiset, kemialliset ja fysikaaliset ilmiöt ovat sidoksissa toisiinsa. Siten kalkitusvalintojen vaikutuksetkin näkyvät pH:n lisäksi niin mururakenteessa kuin pieneliötoiminnassakin. Myös viljeltäviin kasveihin pH:lla on vaikutusta.
Tyypillisesti pelloilla viljeltävät kasvit ovat viljoja tai palkokasveja, jotka menestyvät suhteellisen neutraalissa maaperässä. Poikkeuksiakin löytyy, kuten happamien maiden pensasmustikka.
– Yleisesti erityyppiset mikro-organismit ja pieneliöt viihtyvät erityyppisissä olosuhteissa, mikä pätee myös pH:hon. Kultainen keskitie, ehkä hyvin lievä happamuus, on biologian kannalta hyvä tavoite. Esimerkiksi madot viihtyvät suhteellisen neutraalissa maaperässä. Tällaisessa maassa viihtyvät niin mikrobit kuin sienirihmastotkin, Järnefelt selittää.
Kalkitus on kemiallinen toimenpide, jolla saadaan aikaan kemiallisia ja fysikaalisia reaktioita maaperässä. Kalkituksella vaikutetaan mm. siihen, miten vesi kulkeutuu ja varastoituu maaperään.
– Peruskalkituksessa pitää kiinnittää huomiota Ca-Mg-suhteeseen. Kalsiumin osuus kationinvaihtopinnoista olisi hyvä olla noin 65–80 % ja magnesiumin noin 12–18 %. Maalajien ominaisuudet kuitenkin vaihtelevat tässäkin suhteessa ja tyypillisesti karkeammat maat ovat vähemmän herkkiä Ca-Mg-tasojen suhteen, Sampo Järnefelt Soilfoodilta kertoo.
Tyypillisesti maat, joissa on tarpeettoman paljon magnesiumia, ovat vesitaloudellisesti heikkoja. Magnesiumilla on laaja vesikehä ja siten se kerää ympärilleen paljon vettä tehden maasta vesikylläisen ja vaikeasti muokattavan. Ongelma näkyy erityisesti hiesu- ja savimailla.
Rakennekalkissa lisäksi reaktiivisen kalkin osuus tuotteessa vaikuttaa maan mururakenteeseen. Lue lisää rakennekalkituksesta >
Huomaathan, että suostumuksesi on voimassa kaikilla aliverkkotunnuksillamme. Voit muuttaa suostumustasi tai peruuttaa sen milloin tahansa napsauttamalla "Evästeasetukset"-painiketta näyttösi alaosasta. Kunnioitamme valintojasi ja olemme sitoutuneet tarjoamaan sinulle läpinäkyvän ja turvallisen selauskokemuksen.
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