Tiedote
10.9.2024
Metsä Boardin sivuvirroista kehitetään kuivikkeita eläintiloille
Lue lisää
#Kalsarihaaste on hauska ja havainnollinen keino tutustua maaperän pieneliötoiminnan aktiivisuuteen. Mikrobit ja sienet hajottavat maassa eloperäistä ainesta, jota puuvillakangas ja villakin ovat, saadakseen niistä energiaa ja ravinteita. Kasvitähteen hajoamista maassa jokainen viljelijä on voinut tarkastella, mutta jonkun tunnetun kappaleen hautaaminen maahan ja kaivaminen myöhemmin ylös konkretisoi maaperän pieneliöiden työtä.
Kalsareiden lisäksi viime aikoina maahan on haudattu teepusseja kansainvälisessä Teabag-index -kokeessa, jossa kahta erilaista teelaatua, rooibosta ja vihreää teetä, haudataan 8 cm:n syvyyteen peltomaahan 90 päivän ajaksi. Teepussit punnitaan ennen ja jälkeen hautaamisen, jolloin painoero kertoo maaperän pieneliötoiminnan aktiivisuudesta. Myös kalsarit olisi hyvä punnita, jotta voisimme tarkasti arvioida massahäviötä, siis pieneliötoiminnan hajotusta.
Myös kalsarit olisi hyvä punnita, jotta voisimme tarkasti arvioida massahäviötä, siis pieneliötoiminnan hajotusta.
Sekä kalsarihaaste että teepussikoe on kehitetty maissa, joissa kasvukausi on huomattavasti Suomea pidempi ja 90:n päivän koejaksonkin lämpötila korkeampi. Näin ollen myös mikrobiologinen hajotus on voimakkaampaa.
Heikkokuntoisissa peltomaissa pieneliöaktiivisuus voi olla niin heikkoa, ettei 90:ssä päivässä tapahdu havaittavaa muutosta hajotettavassa materiaalissa. Näin ollen aikaa voi myös pidentää. Lisäksi olisi hyvä haudata muutamat kalsarit erilaisiin maihin; hyville multaville lohkoille sekä heikommille. Näiden erot ovat mielenkiintoisia havainnoida.
Lisäksi olisi hyvä haudata muutamat kalsarit erilaisiin maihin; hyville multaville lohkoille sekä heikommille. Näiden erot ovat mielenkiintoisia havainnoida.
Viljelymaan pieneliötoiminnan aktiivisuuteen vaikuttaa vesitalous, maan rakenne, orgaanisen aineksen määrä, muokkausintensiteetti, lannoitus ja kemiallisten tappoaineiden käyttö. Maan aktiivisen pieneliötoiminnan voi havaita hyvästä maakellarimaisesta tuoksusta sekä hyvistä pyöreistä muruista, jotka ovat kestäviä sadetta vastaan. Pieneliötoiminta on aktiivisinta maan happirikkaassa pintakerroksessa noin 10 senttimetrissä. Puhutaan ”Fence post rotting zonesta” eli aidanseipään hajoamisvyöhykkeestä kohdasta, josta aidanseiväs aina katkeaa.
Maaperän pieneliöstö on maanviljelijän tärkein urakkaporukka, jonka hyvinvoinnista huolen pitäminen takaa hyvät sadot, pienet päästöt ja suuren hiilivaraston maassa.
Kirjoittaja on Soilfoodin perustajajäsen, intohimoinen agronomi ja tutkija.
–
Lue myös #Kalsarihaasteen maatuneimmat 2019
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